
How do I invest in options?
Previously, investing in options was out of reach for the private individual, but this is no longer the case. Everyone can now invest in options.
Investing with options offers a very attractive return, but also involves high risks. Stock options work with leverage and can therefore yield a higher return. There are various ways in which options can be traded. This can be done, for example, by using call options, which bet on an increase in the price of a stock, and put options, which bet on a decrease in the price of a stock. Read more about the differences between call and put options .
In this blog you can read more about trading in options. It discusses what it is, how it works and gives examples of what can be expected from it. This text is purely informative and does not serve as advice to buy or write options on shares.
Buy options
When buying options, there are a number of important variables. For example, the price of the option , the strike price and the expiration date must be taken into account. This ensures that you do not always pay the same price for an option. All these variables must be taken into account when buying an option, but the strike price deserves the most attention, this determines whether a profit or loss is made. Read more about the prices of options.
The strike price
The strike price has the greatest influence on the attractiveness of an option. The strike price can be higher than, equal to or lower than the current share price . There are three possible strike prices for an option:
- In the money: If the price is lower this is called “in the money”, your option is then worth money
- At the money: The prices are the same, at this moment the option yields nothing.
- Out of the money: the strike price is higher than the market price, the option is currently worthless.
An option is shown as a kind of code. For example C AEX 485 FEB 2020. This means a Call (C) option on the AEX that has a strike price of 485 and expires in February 2020. The expiration date can be a month, or also a specific week or day. If the expiration date is indicated with a month, it always expires on the third Friday of that month.
The value of an option
The intrinsic value and the expected value together determine the value of the option. The current value of an option is called the intrinsic value and the expected value is the value that is expected for an option with a longer validity period.
The intrinsic value is the current value of an option. If you have a call option that gives you the right to buy a share with a market value of €50 for €40, you make a profit of €10 per share.
In addition, there is also an expected value. If an option is valid for a longer period, there is an expectation that the price will increase. The issue is whether one expects the option to become worth money in the future; this obviously depends on many factors and can never be guaranteed. If an option is written on a share with high volatility (a share whose price moves a lot), the expected value is usually higher, because the chance that the price will exceed the exercise price is higher. Below are a number of examples of investing in options. A distinction is made here between buying call and put options.
Buying a call option
Suppose a call option is purchased for €10, the exercise price of the share is €100. In this case, €1000 is paid for the contract for this option, which is one hundred times the price of the option (an option is often on 100 underlying shares). Suppose the share rises from €100 to €150, then the value of the option contract rises from €10 to €60, so you have made a profit of €5000, €6000 – €1000 premium. Suppose the value of the share falls, then you lose the premium of €1000. With a call option, the loss is limited to the price of the premium, but the profits are unlimited.

Buying a put option
When buying a put option, the profit increases if the share price drops. The value of the option then increases. Suppose a Put option is purchased for €10, with the same strike price of €100. The premium is then again €1000. If the share price drops to €5, the value of the option increases to €5000 and a profit of €4000 is achieved. The highest profit that can be achieved with a put option is achieved if the value of the share drops to €0.
Writing a call option
When writing a call option, the operation is reversed. If a premium of €10 is received per option on a share of €100, €1000 is received in a contract of 100 options. Suppose the price rises to €150, then the options become €5000 less valuable, the loss is then €4000 (loss in value – the premium). The loss when writing a call option is unlimited. It is possible to buy shares, with which you can cover the position. This prevents you from having to buy the shares for a much higher amount because you cannot deliver them. When writing a call option, it is advantageous if the value of the share falls, because your profit increases.
Writing a put option
If a put option is written, it becomes more valuable if the share price increases. Suppose a share is worth €100 and 100 options are bought for a premium of €1000. If the price increases to €150, the profit is €5000. When you write a put option, you lose at most if the value of the share drops to €0. When you write a put option, it is therefore advantageous if the price of the underlying value increases, which makes the option less valuable and increases your profit.
The lever
Investing in options is attractive to many people because of the leverage that is used. You can take an option on a share for a fraction of the price of a share. This means that for the same amount of money you can buy considerably more options than you could buy shares. If a share costs €25, you only pay €250 to take an option on 100 shares. Suppose the share rises to €27.50, then you make a profit of €250. This is a return of 100%. If you had bought the actual shares for the same amount of money, you could only have bought 10 shares that had risen in price by €2.50 and thus made a profit of €25. With which you would have made a return of 20%. The leverage ensures that with the same investment your profit is 5 times as high. Of course, this also comes with a considerable risk, because you can also lose your entire investment and therefore make a relatively large loss.

Getting started with investing in options
Do you want to start investing in options? Then you need an account with an online broker. Check out brokers that offer options and start comparing !
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