
What is currency risk?
When you decide to invest in international markets, you use all kinds of currencies. For the sake of convenience, let’s say that you are going to invest in a fund. You decide to invest ten thousand euros in this fund. Since it is on the American stock exchange, you cannot come here with euros. That is why the ten thousand euros that you put in your account is automatically converted to US Dollars. After all, this allows you to invest in that market. Often, before the money is put in your account, you are told how much your ten thousand euros is worth in that other currency. You then have the choice to do this or not. The number of shares you can buy in that other currency therefore depends entirely on how that currency is compared to your currency. If, in an extreme case, your ten thousand euros is only worth five thousand dollars, you buy far fewer shares for it than you had hoped. This risk is the currency risk.
Currency risk investing
When you convert your money to another currency while investing, you run currency risk. This is also sometimes called FX risk or exchange rate risk. The risk means that investing in or with another currency can lead to a decrease in the value of that currency, which means that changes can cause you to have less return. After all, this happens all the time and you can even trade on these movements by investing in Forex. When the currency values change, this can have a negative or positive effect on your pot of money. Suppose that the American dollar suddenly becomes more valuable, or the Euro less, while you are investing. Then you will ultimately get less euros back for those dollars. For large amounts, this can make a significant difference.
Exchange rates and investing
If you keep your money in the investment account with the broker, there is nothing wrong. After all, it remains the same currency, so you do not run any exchange rate risk. In general, you can only run a risk when you decide to invest money. Then the money can be exchanged from dollars to euros again. This is the moment when the exchange rate can affect your money. Suppose that ten thousand euros has been invested for a year (at twelve thousand dollars) and has yielded a return of 10%. That means that you have earned a thousand euros. But suppose that something has happened in America that has pushed up the price of the dollar. That twelve thousand dollars may now no longer be worth ten thousand euros, but nine thousand euros. In that case, you will lose a thousand euros due to the exchange rate. That means that this year’s profit is lost. That is exchange rate risk in its most extreme form.

Currency risk in portfolio or companies
Can’t money be affected by the currency value when it’s with a broker? Yes, the money is still sensitive to the value of the USD, CAD, EUR or other currency. Of course, money won’t suddenly disappear from your account because it’s worth less. You’ll only lose money when you convert this money to another currency. You also run currency risk as a company when you buy products in another currency or sell an expensive product abroad.
Why and how do currencies change?
There are several reasons why the values of currencies change. The most obvious reason is the monetary policy of countries. The central banks of countries can influence the currency by printing money, adjusting the interest rate, or by buying or selling their own currency. For example, when the interest rate in a country rises, it becomes more interesting for foreign investors or governments to put their money in that country. This will strengthen the currency and therefore increase its value.

Types of currency risk
There are three types of currency risk. The first is transaction risk. This is the risk that is described in detail above. The second type of currency risk is conversion risk. This is the risk that is taken when companies own assets internationally. The value of these assets must be converted to the domestic currency when calculating income. Thirdly, there is economic risk or forecast risk. This is the forecast of the economy that changes due to bad or good news. This can be the resignation or death of a president, but the outbreak of a pandemic can also have an impact on how companies and people behave financially. And therefore how violently a currency fluctuates.
Choosing a broker
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