
What is a short squeeze?
In some cases, the price of a share or other security can suddenly rise very sharply. This can be the result of unforeseen circumstances that occur. A rising price is pleasant for investors and traders with a long position , but less pleasant for investors with a short position . The result of the sudden rise will be that people who have gone short will want to close their position. When there are relatively many investors and traders with a short position, a short squeeze can occur.
Investors who short-sell choose to rent shares or other securities from a party ( broker ) when they think that these securities will fall in price. If they are indeed right, they will ‘give back’ the securities. The price difference is the profit. However, it can also go wrong. The price of a security does not fall, but stabilizes or rises. A short-seller must then buy at a higher price and pay the price difference himself.
A short position is closed by purchasing the security, such as a share. Someone who has gone short will need this when the price suddenly rises. The purchase can be realized manually, but can also be the result of the way in which someone has placed their order. When the price rises, for example, stop-loss prices can be triggered. If a security is bought en masse by investors and traders who initially went short, the price of a security will rise sharply. This situation is called the short squeeze. People who have gone short are forced by unforeseen circumstances to buy the security, causing the price to rise (sharply).
Investors and traders who short a stock, for example, often think that the stock in question is overvalued. This can be the result of an extreme reaction by investors to moderately positive news or a bubble. An example of a stock that suffered greatly from this is Tesla’s stock. This stock had a lot of short sellers in 2020.
Why Short Squeezes Occur
It was previously stated that investors who short a share assume that the price will fall. This assumption is based on a fundamental or technical analysis . However, no matter how good your analysis is, circumstances can always change. For example, a company can suddenly be in the news very positively due to a performance or it can come out with remarkably good quarterly figures. At such times, short sellers are very uncertain about how the market will react. For example, if the price suddenly rises, it is not yet certain how long this increase will last. In this case, short sellers often choose to stop taking a short position. The share is then purchased, which will cause the price to rise even more. A short squeeze can therefore also be seen as an emotional reaction of investors to (too) positive news.
Predicting a Short Squeeze
To start with the truth right away: you can’t ‘predict’ anything when it comes to investing. You can speculate , but you can never say with certainty whether or not a short squeeze will occur. If you want to speculate like that, a handy indicator is the so-called short interest ratio . This ratio shows how many of the outstanding shares are part of a short position.
The short interest ratio can therefore be seen as a gauge that says something about how investors view the market with regard to a certain security. It is important to realise that you should always view the short interest ratio relative to the security in question. For example, a short interest of 20% for share A can be very high, while for share B it is quite low. It is relevant to see what is ‘normal’ for a certain security.
When you know the typical range within which the short interest ratio of a given security moves, you can draw conclusions based on changes that occur. If the short interest is above or below the average range, you know that there are shifts in the market. If there are few people with a short position, the price is probably too stable or too rising.

Trading on the basis of the short interest ratio
The short interest ratio can therefore say a lot about how positive investors are with regard to a specific security. When there is a lot of short interest, there are many investors who take a long position. They speculate on a price increase and therefore sometimes on the occurrence of a short squeeze. However, it is advisable to apply this strategy with restraint. Such speculation only works when there are few reasons to think of why there are so many short sellers in the market. For example, if a company is doing really badly, the share may continue to fall indefinitely and the short sellers are right. If you really want to adequately anticipate a short squeeze, you will have to keep a fairly active eye on the graphs and data.
Short squeeze example
To give you a better idea of what exactly a short squeeze is and how it manifests itself in practice, below is a short but effective example.
Company X has released a vaccination. This vaccination could potentially be groundbreaking on a global scale. Partly due to the media, there is increasing doubt among the population. This can be seen from the short interest ratio of the shares of company X. This shows that there are many investors who are short-selling the share. They are therefore speculating on a price drop. However, you do have confidence in a vaccine and you know that under certain circumstances you can profit from a high short interest ratio by taking a long position. In other words: you are anticipating a short squeeze. The news then reports that the vaccine is indeed groundbreaking. Many people worldwide are helped by it. The short sellers are now starting to doubt. Out of fear of too great losses, these short sellers are exiting en masse. They do this by buying the shares of company X. The price rises very quickly as a result, which means that you profit from the short squeeze that occurs. After you have profited from this, you close your long position. After all, you know that there is a good chance that the short squeeze is often a result of emotions on the stock market and that sentiment can easily change again.
GameStop en short squeezing
The most talked-about example of a short squeeze in action concerns GameStop. Due to increased competition and lower sales figures as a result of the corona crisis, things went badly for GameStop. Things went so badly that there was a short interest of more than 100%. In 2021, however, it emerged that GameStop could still have potential and that it could show positive figures again in a few years. This story was spread on various social media. Reddit in particular ensured that something special happened.
More and more investors got into GameStop stock, which created a kind of snowball effect. The increases that the price of GameStop showed were of unprecedented proportions. Short-sellers were shocked by this and many of them closed their positions. The result was an even faster increase. The price of one GameStop share rose from about $5 to about $325 within half a year.
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